We consider the consequences of a shared brand name such as geographical names used to identify high quality products, for the incentives of otherwise autonomous firms to invest in quality. We contend that such collective brand labels improve communication between sellers and consumers, when the...

In many markets consumers form long-term relationships with firms. In such settings, a firm's existing customers are valuable assets whose "loyalty" must be maintained through continued investment. In this paper we assume that consumer loyalty is strengthened with repeated buying but may erode...

One striking development associated with the explosion of e-commerce is the increased transparency of sellers' quality history. In this paper we analyze how this affects firms' incentives to invest in quality when the outcome of investment is uncertain. We identify two conflicting effects. On...