in all the simulations after 2025. In a second part of the paper a cost effectiveness analysis of adaptation in Nigeria … agriculture is conducted. Adaptation practices considered are a mix of cheaper soft measures and more costly hard irrigation … adaptation exploiting low cost opportunities. In this case all climate change damages can be offset with a benefit cost ration …

of adaptation to climate change. In this paper we develop an economic framework for the study of adaptation which allows … us to distinguish between decentralized adaptation by private agents on the one hand and centralized adaptation measures … nascent field of adaptation to climate change requiring further empirical investigation. The economic framework is applied to …

Adaptation to climate change is gaining increasing relevance in the public debate of climate policy. However, detailed … adaptation in Europe, and in particular Germany, Finland and Italy. Furthermore, a systematic overview on fiscal aspects of … adaptation is provided, with focus on budgetary effects of adaptation in the different impact sectors. Combining cost estimates …

to coastal resources will depend strongly on adaptation, society's response to cope with the impacts. This paper presents … between very detailed local studies and aggregate global estimates. The Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM) determines … the optimal strategy for adaptation at the local level, evaluating over 12,000 coastal segments, as described in the DIVA …