"What is measured by the amount of money?" this question is applicable to all kinds of money at all times. The answer can be the key to understanding money. The article offers an answer to this question. The paper considers the phenomenon of simple exchange and formulates the general exchange...

The paper analyzes historical time series data on the productive performance of the Iraqi intermediate industries pre-invasion. The primary hypothesis here is that Iraq promoted from being classified as developing to developed county in its way to establish modern industries and strong economic...

Section 2 of this paper suggests that economics has long sought to colonise other social sciences. It has, however, only achived limites success because of its alien methods and its need to take the social as given. Section 3 argues that there is now a newer version of economic imperialism...

This article describes how simplifying production-planning approaches for demand responsiveness has been well recognized as an operative means of accomplishing production efficiency. To support an effective decision making in manufacturing environments, this study will focus on adopting time...

Production planning and control in remanufacturing are more complex than those in traditional manufacturing. Developing a reliable forecasting process is the first step for optimization of the overall planning process. In remanufacturing, forecasting the timing of demands is one of the critical...

The demand forecasting is essential for all production and non-production systems. However, nowadays there are only few researches on this area. Most of researches somehow benefited from simulation in the conditions of demand uncertainty. But this paper presents an iterative method to find most...

Today's economy is characterized by increased competition, faster product development and increased product differentiation. As a consequence product lifecycles become shorter and demand patterns become more volatile which especially affects the retail industry. This new situation imposes...

Enterprises use supply chain management practices for improving business or supply chain performance. It is observed that supply chain technologies like VMI are now becoming an integral part of enterprise's strategy. Even small and medium enterprises can adopt this practice and improve the...

Purpose: Consideration of consumer opinion is a key success factor when it comes to developing a new product. However, businesses may lack suitable methods for this, and designers may lack practical training, with both situations meaning that firms are unable to precisely adopt consumer...

In current work problems and requirements for demand forecasting in commercial or manufacturing enterprises are analyzed and suitable forecasting algorithms are proposed. In enterprises with multidimensional and heterogeneous demand it is advisable to use different algorithms for different...