We investigate the impact of cluster sampling on standard errors in the analysis of longitudinal survey data. We consider a widely used class of regression models for longitudinal data and a standard class of point estimators of a generalized least squares type. We argue theoretically that the...

As an extension of hierarchical linear models (HLMs), cross-classified random effects models (CCREMs) are used for analyzing multilevel data that do not have strictly hierarchical structures. Proportional reduction in prediction error, a multilevel version of the R 2 in ordinary multiple...

In multilevel regression, centering the model variables produces effects that are different and sometimes unexpected compared with those in traditional regression analysis. In this article, the main contributions in terms of meaning, assumptions, and effects underlying a multilevel centering...

Computer simulations are effective tools for addressing enterprise transformation in terms of alternative organizational policies, operating procedures, and allocations of resources. We present a multilevel approach to computationally model health delivery enterprises. This approach is...

Agencies providing residential treatment are encouraged, or even mandated, to collect outcomes data and to implement evidence based practices, yet little guidance has been provided on how to do so using agency administrative data that are collected on an ongoing basis. We examined data on Child...

Social, emotional and behavioral difficulties (SEBD) in schools are a complex phenomenon resulting from various factors, including biological, psychological and social factors. The main objective of this paper is to identify student-, class- and school-related factors that are significantly...

This document presents the different ways to model heterogeneity in case of clustering, such pupils achievement in classroom or schools. In the linear framework, it essentially discusses the pertinence of fixed or random effects assumptions depending upon the goal pursued and the empirical...