earthquakes in Italy resulted in sharply diverging electoral outcomes: while the 2012 Emilia quake did not alter voting behaviour … affected areas. Such heterogeneous patterns mainly originate from a stark contrast in post-disaster reconstruction processes …

incompetence. How voters responded to these in the next election held in 2002 is investigated. The fact that different group of …

improve their re-election prospects by providing generous disaster relief. Building on these findings, the present thesis … disasters. Previous work has demonstrated that voters electorally reward incumbents for the provision of disaster relief but not … for investing in disaster prevention, leading incumbents to over-invest in relief spending even though investing in …