We first construct a theoretical model of tax evasion in a stylized developing country in which all taxpayers have either high or low income. The key problem is that the high income taxpayers may underreport their income. An individual income tax return can only be verified with an audit that...

For annuity providers, a higher life expectancy is not always positive news, as it potentially implies increased future costs, since benefits must be provided over a longer period of time. The underlying risk behind the unexpected improvement in life expectancy is called longevity risk. One way...