context of work and retirement patterns in Indonesia, Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom. As is common in many … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees …This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the …

context of work and retirement patterns in Indonesia, Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom. As is common in many … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees …This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over 45 population and, for perspective, places them in the …

context of work and retirement patterns in Indonesia, Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom. As is common in many … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees …This paper highlights the employment patterns of China’s over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the …

Over the course of China's economic reforms, a pronounced divergence in the labor force participation patterns of rural …

of retirement among women aged 55-69, and the proportion of workers aged 25-34 working part-year and/or part-time. The …/or part-time – between career and retirement. It has been demonstrated in earlier studies that older women – especially those … in lower-wage jobs – often seek such bridge jobs before retirement. And in many cases these bridge jobs are not in the …

retirement among men aged 55-69, and the proportion of workers aged 25-34 working part-year and/or part-time. The latter was an … career and retirement. It has been demonstrated in a series of studies that a large proportion (as many as two-thirds) of … older men – especially those in lower-wage jobs – seek such bridge jobs before retirement. And in many cases these bridge …

surprisingly modest when translated into the implied effect on average retirement ages: an increase in statutory pension ages by … one year is typically estimated to increase the average effective retirement age by only about two months. …

educational attainment. About 1 percentage point is attributable to changes in statutory retirement ages, although part of the … reason these effects are not larger is that in most countries, statutory retirement ages have not kept pace with life … retirement pathways through unemployment or disability schemes has been a major factor in the turnaround in the participation …