Purpose: Scholars for long have been interested in finding effective ways to assess organizational effectiveness. However, lack of consensus on its definition, and consequently on measure parameters has dogged researchers, almost to the point that some academics have declared organizational...

In this new era of economic growth, the exceptional increase in the crude oil prices is one of the significant developments that affecting the global economy. Crude oil is an important raw material used for manufacturing many goods, so that an extraordinary increase in the price of oil is bound...

The global financial crisis, after brewing for a while, actually started to demonstrate its consequences and encroachments in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. During this period the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have been collapsed. From 2008 to 2010 it reflected...