Applications such as iMessage, KakaoTalk, LINE, Signal, Skype, Snapchat, Threema, Viber, WhatsApp and WeChat have become an increasingly popular means of personal and business interaction. Surprisingly little academic effort has gone into understanding the nature and origin of these...

E-government is a global project that uses information and communication technology to deliver services, with the goal of improving public interactions and encouraging open innovation. Although the adoption of e-government services is critical for reaping their benefits, insufficient attention...