discrimination. …

rates from employment, and has shown little improvement over the last 40 years. Furthermore, even among those who work … the racial gaps in this involuntary part-time employment are large even after controlling for observable characteristics …

that such a concept of racism is not very helpful in understanding actual patterns of discrimination. Phenotype, ethnicity …In recent debates on "race" and "racism", a broad definition has emerged that encompasses phenotypic appearance as well … core element of this holistic concept of racism. On the basis of labor market and survey experiments, this article shows …