Income levels are higher in cities. The evidence for the income gap between urban and rural areas is overwhelming, but the agglomeration effect is hard to identify. Recent advances make use of individual level data to separate out sorting and instrumentation to handle the endogeneity of...

This concept describes the background of discussions concerning the voational and academic education in Germany and Europe. In order to achieve political intended readability of degrees in the European Union the concept of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) is explained. With the...

Technical, vocational education, and training has remained an explosive topic because it can create a divided society in terms of education and the benefits associated with it. Internationally, it has always been a complex and controversial topic compared to the general education strand. It has...

A skilled and educated workforce can support the competitiveness of enterprises of all sizes. However, smaller firms may face greater challenges in developing human capital. We explore differences between smaller and larger firms in offering skills training and in hiring workers with more formal...

Introduction : designing quality career development programs and services / V. Scott H. Solberg and Saba R. Ali -- Career and workforce development policy and evidence based practice -- Career development and its role in maintaining a competitive global economy / V. Scott H. Solberg -- Evidence...