Measurements of UV (ultraviolet) and global solar radiation in Central China during 2006–2012 were first reported to investigate the UV radiation variability in different time scales and its UV fraction under different sky conditions. Both UV irradiation and UV fraction showed similar features...

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and global solar radiation (G) at WHU, Central China during 2006–2011 were used to investigate the seasonal characteristics of PAR and PAR/G (PAR fraction). Both PAR and PAR fraction showed similar seasonal features that peaked in...

Measurements of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at 38 stations from Chinese Ecosystem Research Network during 2006–2012 were used for reconstructing the historical UV levels in China for the first time. UV models were introduced by analyzing the dependence of UV irradiation on clearness index (Kt)...

Observations of UV radiation (290–400 nm) at Yanting, China (31°16′ N, 105°27′ E and 420 m above sea level) from 2005 to 2012 were used for investigating UV variability and its relationship with global solar radiation in Southwest China. Daily UV/G ratios generally increased from 3.7%...

The accurate determination of the atmospheric turbidity is of great importance for atmospheric environment, solar energy applications and climate change studies. Daily values of horizontal direct, diffuse and global solar radiation at Wuhan, Central China during 1961–2010 are used for...

This article invokes a concept of ‘community-based individual property rights’ as individual property rights recognized in a communal property system by virtue of community membership. It employs mixed methods, including a comparative analysis that reviews and develops the ‘bundle of...

Extant research has established that social responsibility (SR) activity can be beneficial to companies by influencing consumers’ SR associations with the company and its product brands. However, most studies only look at the outcomes of SR initiatives implemented at the corporate level (i.e.,...

The ratio of leaf carotenoid to chlorophyll (Car/Chl) is an indicator of vegetation photosynthesis, development and responses to stress. However, the correlation between Car and Chl, and their overlapping absorption in the visible spectral domain pose a challenge for optical remote sensing of...