This paper studies the causal effect of the timing of first birth on highly educated women's career outcomes using … findings, my results suggest that a one-year delay has a significantly negative effect on both income and wages. The negative … effects might partly be explained by child spacing; motherhood delay induces women to have the second child more closely …

Using new evidence from servant contracts, 1600-1890, we estimate women’s wages in Japan. Women’s wages could only ….7, higher than in Western Europe. Despite this, Japan had lower female empowerment for two reasons. First, absolute wages were … low, so women were not economically autonomous. Second, landownership incomes were mostly earned by men, raising their …

wages of migrant household heads. We also find that the presence of children below the age of six has no impact on the …

so far separate strands of literature, on women's alleged greater tolerance for lower wages ("contented female worker … previous studies by not simply assessing whether women are as likely as men to perceive their pay as unfair. Instead, we use an …-related characteristics. Overall, women are as likely as men to perceive a fair wage as unfair - or an unfair wage as fair. However …