as higher future wages and probabilities of promotion or job retention, which might help to explain why an increasing … whether working a higher number of unpaid extra hours involves a higher probability of promotion and excess earnings growth …, and a lower probability of layoff in subsequent years. The pooled, random effects, and fixed effects logit estimates …

though this may conflict with efficient assignment of employees to jobs. When performance is unverifiable, use of promotion … bonuses. When employees are risk neutral, use of promotion for incentives need not distort assignments. When they are risk …