Conventional wisdom in economic history suggests that conflict between countries can be enormously disruptive of economic activity, especially international trade. We study the effects of war on bilateral trade with available data extending back to 1870. Using the gravity model, we estimate the...

Conventional wisdom in economic history suggests that conflict between countries can be enormously disruptive of economic activity, especially international trade. Yet nothing is known empirically about these effects in large samples. We study the effects of war on bilateral trade for almost all...

Conventional wisdom in economic history suggests that conflict between countries can be enormously disruptive of economic activity, especially international trade. Yet nothing is known empirically about these effects in large samples. We study the effects of war on bilateral trade for almost all...

Do conflicts among naval powers hurt international trade? In theory the commercially relevant aspects of aggressive naval power can either thwart trade (through blockades, embargoes, commerce raiding, and guerre de course strategies) or facilitate trade (through control of trade routes and...

The proliferation of different sanctions programs and their accompanying blacklists over the last decade poses a number of issues for those seeking to comply with the Government's controls in good faith. To explore these issues Congress created the Judicial Review Commission on Foreign Asset...

The proliferation of different sanctions programs and their accompanying blacklists over the last decade poses a number of issues for those seeking to comply with the Government's controls in good faith. To explore these issues Congress created the Judicial Review Commission on Foreign Asset...

The proliferation of different sanctions programs and their accompanying blacklists over the last decade poses a number of issues for those seeking to comply with the Government's controls in good faith. To explore these issues Congress created the Judicial Review Commission on Foreign Asset...

While protesters took to the streets in the Battle in Seattle demanding greater accountability from international institutions, such as the WTO and the IMF, and the end of an "era of trade negotiations conducted by sheltered elites balancing competing commercial interests behind closed doors,"...

This is an assessment of China and U.S. litigation against each other in the WTO from 2001 through 2010. It discloses the active and aggressive nature of litigation between these two countries. It indicates an almost flawless continuation of Bush era policies by the Obama administration. If...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the process of politicization of the highest levels of the global commercial connectivity network, during its formative decades. The paper highlights the role played by the differences among the national approaches, along with some of the key mechanisms...