Our brief was to research what policy options are available to ensure a reliable and transparent online gambling market, and to establish whether a Code of Conduct for licensed gambling operators is an adequate measure to ensure the integrity of operators. Integrity is defined as relating mainly...

Schools differ in the proportion of their pupils who smoke. Such differences transcend pupil intake characteristics and relate to the internal life of the school. Although adolescents' smoking behaviour has been associated with that of their peers, little consideration has been given to whether...

This paper aims to explain previously described increases in self-reported psychological distress between 1987 and 2006 among samples identical in respect of age (15 years), school year and geographical location (West of Scotland). Such increases might be explained by changes in exposure...

Urban sustainability literature calls for new governance relations to support green urban agendas. Privileging non-hierarchical relations, this literature fails to address the means by which organisations create these capacities. The author interviewed public, private and community environmental...

In the absence of oppression, citizens of a sub-unit who contemplate secession carefully weigh the benefits and costs of different outcomes. Here these costs are shown to be highly variable: they depend on the strategic behavior of each state and on whether cooperative relations would be...

Previous studies found lower substance use in schools achieving better examination and truancy results than expected, given their pupil populations (high value-added schools). This study examines whether these findings are replicated in West Scotland and whether school ethos indicators focussing...

Dissolved salts (salnuty) in irrigation water are a sigmficant envhonmental problem in aud regions. Some of the most seriously impacted irrtgated areas are found m Pakistan's Indus Basm. Economic damage measures are essential for evaluating sahmty control programmes. Most damage estuuates are...