Some corruption of employees will exist when managers are constrained in setting rewards and penalties. Attempts to … reduce corruption need to address these constraints. Raising salaries without raising expected penalties will have higher …

This work contributes to empirical studies on decentralization and corruption by trying to resolve the uncertainty that … nor very high degrees of decentralization are appropriate against corruption, but an intermediate one. Being monitored by …

This paper presents a novel theory of corruption in public procurement. It considers an agency setting of contract … politician chooses a relatively lax auditing in order to create an incentive for cost-padding, and engages in corruption with the …