This study quantitatively examines how the term "fake news" is being portrayed by the Japanese news media using semantic network analysis. It uses newspapers as the representative as they are still one of the most influential news media in Japan. The data set consists of 624 newspaper articles...

In democracies voters rely on media outlets to learn about politically salient issues. This raises an important question: how strongly can media affect public perceptions? This paper uses a natural experiment - the staggered introduction of the Digital TV signal in Italy - to measure the effect...