World trade contracted sharply in late 2008 and early 2009 following the deepening of the financial crisis in September … 2008. This paper discusses the main mechanisms behind the global downturn in trade and its impact on euro area exports and … competitiveness. It finds that the euro area was hit particularly hard by the contraction in global demand. Moreover, the collapse in …

World trade contracted sharply in late 2008 and early 2009 following the deepening of the financial crisis in September … 2008. This paper discusses the main mechanisms behind the global downturn in trade and its impact on euro area exports and … competitiveness. It finds that the euro area was hit particularly hard by the contraction in global demand. Moreover, the collapse in …

The Eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU) is likely to give a further boost to trade and capital flows, yet … determinants of international asset holdings and trade flows. We find in most regressions that EU membership has a significant … effect. Based on additional simulations of the expected flows to ten transition economies, we conclude that for the EU …

, modernising product market regulations, developing skills, and reconsidering barriers to trade and investment. OECD simulations … suggest that India would be a major beneficiary were barriers to trade and investment be reduced multilaterally. In the … absence of a multilateral agreement, the economy would also gain from a unilateral liberalisation of trade and investment …