Peer and cohort effects are important in health economics, and obesity may be related to social relationships, where obese individuals interact with other obese individuals. There were significant 19th century cohort effects, where BMIs were related to the cohort that an individual belonged....

This article examines the German debt brake from a technical point of view. By designing the debt brake on the basis of the EU method, it should be possible to achieve an adequate division between the cyclical and structural components of the budget balance, while at the same time pursuing a...

The financial economics literature proposes dozens of performance measures to be used, for instance, to compare, analyse, rank and select assets. There is thus a problem: which measures should be considered? We extend the current literature by comparing a large set of performance measures over...

The paper introduces the appropriate within estimators for the most frequently used three-dimensional fixed effects panel data models. It analyzes the behavior of these estimators in the cases of no self-flow data, unbalanced data, and dynamic autoregressive models. The main results are then...

As a basis for information recovery in open dynamic microeconomic systems, we emphasize the connection between adaptive intelligent behavior, causal entropy maximization and self-organized equilibrium seeking behavior. This entropy-based causal adaptive behavior framework permits the use of...

In recent years, the government, of African Countries has assumed major responsibilities for economic reforms and growth. In attempting to describe their economies, economists (policymakers) in many African Countries have applied certain models that are by now widely known: Linear programming...

The financial economics literature proposes dozens of performance measures to be used, for instance, to compare, analyze, rank and select assets. There is thus a problem: which measures should be considered? The authors extend the current literature by comparing a large set of performance...

The paper is an empirical research work wherein the principle of Modern Portfolio Theory along with aspects of geographical diversification have been subjected to test. The validation of the said theory has been made via hypothesis testing in light of the financial market data. The paper has...

The main goal of this paper is to better understand the behavior of credit spreads in the past and the potential risk of unexpected future credit spread changes. One important consideration to note regarding credit spreads is the fact that bond spreads contain a liquidity premium, which...