This paper applies both parametric and non-parametric approaches to evaluate Economies of Size and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Alberta cow-calf production based on the unbalanced panel data from 196 farmers during the time period from 1995 to 2002. Under the parametric approach, a random...

Compliance and enforcement is a fundamental issue within environmental law. But despite its pertinence, it is an area that has been neglected in academic research. Addressing this gap, this timely book considers the circumstances under which networking can increase the effectiveness of...

This paper extends prior research on energy inefficiency in China by utilizing a unique shadow price framework allocation in 30 Chinese provinces. We estimate the shadow price for energy input using the framework of production, and use the ratio of the shadow price to the market price to...

In power systems, although the inertia energy in power sources can partly cover power unbalances caused by load disturbance or renewable energy fluctuation, it is still hard to maintain the frequency deviation within acceptable ranges. However, with the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technique, electric...

Energy is a nonrenewable resource. Hence, long-term sustainable development cannot be guaranteed by an increase in energy efficiency but to use the least energy as possible. Therefore, this article builds an index of low-energy development (LEDI) to describe the shift from high-energy...

This paper examines the impact of product market competition and corporate governance on the cost of debt financing and the use of bond covenants. We find that more anti-takeover provisions are associated with a lower cost of debt only in competitive industries. Because they are exposed to...

Driven by the desire to reduce environmental impacts and achieve energy independence, electric vehicles (EVs) are poised to receive mass acceptance from the general public. However, simultaneously connecting to electric distribution grid and charging with large number of EVs bring the necessity...

We investigate the macroeconomic determinants of corporate spreads using a no-arbitrage technique. Structural shocks are identified by a New-Keynesian model. Treasury bonds are priced in an affine model with time-varying risk premia. Corporate bonds are priced in a reduced-form credit risk model...

With a view to providing economic interpretations of temporal changes in Risk-Neutral Probability Distributions (RNPDs), this article estimates RNPDs from option prices, then studies the expected excess returns on a fixed-strategy reference portfolio constructed from RNPD-defined contingent...

Purpose – Self‐serve technologies (SSTs) provide many benefits such as speed, time and place convenience for the customer and reduced labour costs for the firm. The aim of this study is to consider whether these benefits are denoted by changes in the firms' stock price when SSTs are...