Three frameworks are recommended to analyze multilevel governance across a spectrum of complex human systems, including nations, states, cities, universities, hospitals, hotels, and homes, with which service researchers are concerned. This spectrum of complex human systems can be seen as...

Purpose: Technology is revolutionizing the management logic of service systems. The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular, is challenging interaction between humans and machines changing the service systems’ value co-creation configurations and logic. To envision...