Increasing school resources has often shown disappointing effects on school quality in developing countries, a lack of impact which may be due to student, parent or teacher behavioral responses. We test the short-term impact of an increase in school resources under parental control using an...

Improving service quality via beneficiary participation in managing the service may be unrealistic if a community with low authority must act in opposition to a high authority service provider. We present a framework of how community characteristics change the effectiveness of different types of...

We calculate the bias of the profile score for the autoregressive parameters p and covariate slopes in the linear model for N x T panel data with p lags of the dependent variable, exogenous covariates, fixed effects, and unrestricted initial observations. The bias is a vector of multivariate...

In their current haste to deliver, the Doha negotiators seem to head for a package combining increased market access for “easy” products (mostly those with low or moderate tariffs) with broad exceptions in “difficult” sectors (mostly those with high tariffs). Such a mix may increase the...

La chose est connue : depuis des siècles, les Etats se mettent en défaut de paiement sur leur dette. Charles Quint en 1559 en est un exemple classique mais la monarchie française a vécu sous la menace d’une banqueroute pendant au moins cent cinquante ans, jusqu’à la Révolution. De...

Depuis son arrivée au pouvoir, le gouvernement Raffarin a voulu amorcer un changement dans la politique de l’emploi. L’inspiration de ce changement est libérale et vise à favoriser les forces du marché pour redynamiser l’emploi. L’allègement des contraintes, l’accentuation des...

An assessment of the conduct of monetary policy in Europe must necessarily be made along two distinct and complementary lines. The first is a comparison with the policies followed in the past. The second line has to assess whether monetary policy is adapted to the new conditions that came into...

On the 30th of August, Governing Council of the ECB decided to lower the key interest rates by 25 basis points. May be this decision was the only available in view of the evolution of core inflation in Europe, but for reasons made clear below, it is not going to ease the fiscal debate in Europe....

We build a theoretical model of multi-product firms that highlights how market size and ge- ography (the market sizes of and bilateral economic distances to trading partners) affect both a firm's exported product range and its exported product mix across market destinations (the dis- tribution...

Les élections générales britanniques auront lieu le 5 mai 2005. Les travaillistes sont donnés gagnants dans les sondages, mais obtiendraient un score moins élevé qu’en 2001, où ils avaient recueilli 58 % des voix et une écrasante majorité au Parlement (412 sièges sur 659). Les deux...