We analyze the prevalence of bullying in Germany during COVID-19, both as a real-life phenomenon (in-person bullying, or in our context: school bullying) and via social media and electronic communication tools (cyberbullying). Using Google Trends data from 2013 to 2022 and exploiting the...

This paper investigates the determinants and the time pattern of the subjective well-being of private business owners. We find that both personal and enterprise-level factors have a significant influence on subjective status of private business owners. Meanwhile, we find supportive evidence of...

As national social safety nets are expanding in Africa and globally, evidence on the impact of programs on youth transitions can help guide future investment and program design decisions. This paper examines the effects of Malawi’s flagship cash transfer program on safe transitions to...

Of the four major forms of capital (human, social, natural, and manufactured/property), three lack systems of standardized, uniform measuring units. Though "you manage what you measure" is a common mantra, myriad incommensurable surveys, tests, and ratings do not provide the quality of...

A metrological infrastructure for human, social, and natural capital is an area of critical national need with potential for transforming education, health care, and the economy at large. The societal challenges preventing the development of reference standards and universally uniform metrics...

Capital is defined mathematically as the abstract meaning brought to life in the two phases of the development of 'transferable representations,' which are the legal, financial, and scientific instruments we take for granted in almost every aspect of our daily routines. The first, conceptual and...

Invariant, additive, and separable parameters for measures of human, social, and natural capital have repeatedly proven their value and utility globally over the last 50 years. Given growing demand for comparable living capital metrics, metrological organizations should position themselves to...

The Legend goes like this: A Frog in water, which is put on fire, slowly loses its life, being slowly boiled down to death. While if it were thrown into hot waters already placed on fire, it would expeditiously jump away, preempting the heat, visible in the evolving steam. We are indeed like...

This study extends the literature on the demand for child height to consider the demand for child micronutrient status. Micronutrient malnutrition is a pervasive and debilitating problem in many developing countries. A central focus concerns the distinct roles of maternal schooling versus...

We study the impact of global expansions in mobile internet access between 2000 and 2018 on student outcomes. We link geospatial data on the rollout of 3G mobile technology with over 2.5 million student test scores from 82 countries. Our findings indicate that the introduction of 3G coverage...