Intangible benefits have been a thorn in the side of IT project valuation efforts. These benefits are often comparable to tangible benefits in magnitude, and so, should not be ignored. Yet, unless we can attach numbers to them, it is difficult to combine them in a consistent way with tangible...

The mechanics of competition involve perception and reaction to competitor moves. Both incur delays that can be reduced by digital systems. Using system dynamics and the Red Queen paradigm, we modeled the impact of IT investments on response delays and business value, with the following results:...