Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has recently become a popular approach in measuring the energy and environment performance at the macro-economy level. A common limitation of several previous studies is that they ignored the undesirable outputs and did not consider the separation of inputs into...

The mitigation efforts of China are increasingly important for meeting global climate target since the rapid economic growth of China has led to an increasing share in the world's total CO2 emissions, and nowadays, China has become the world's largest CO2 emitter. This paper sets out to explore...

An approach to determine carbon emission reduction target allocation based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm, and Shapley decomposition (PSO-FCM-Shapley) is proposed in this study. The method decomposes total carbon emissions into an...

The import dependency of China decreases rapidly from 27% in 2007 to 14% in 2020. Nevertheless, how this impacts its carbon emissions embodied in final demands is unclear, which is not conducive to the policy synergy between import trade and carbon neutrality target. With the time-series...

The sustainable production and consumption of natural gas is an essential underpinning for China to achieve its 2030 carbon emission peaking target. To identify the natural gas demand influencing factors and tiered pricing performances, this paper constructs an empirical model to discern various...