As the household sector as a whole is very heterogeneous economically and socially, it is necessary to separate more homogeneous groups within the sector (United Nations et al. "System of National Accounts 1993"19.9). In this paper by sub-sectors of households according to size of income and net...

Recently the role of wages in deflation process has been rarely taken as a serious study subject in Japan. However, looking at prices in the economy as a whole from the cost side, wages are the biggest cost factor and, therefore, the development in wages should have a close relationship with the...

This paper, taking an explicit account of the progressive tax system, calculates the social marginal cost of public funds (SMCF) for the Japanese economy using large set of micro data of Employment Status Survey. Before calculation of SMCF, we estimate labor supply function of prime-age male...

This paper investigated the determinants of the unfilled vacancy in Japan using micro data on establishments. The main results obtained in the paper are as follows. First, the rapid decrease in the number of unfilled vacancies during 1990's are attributed both to a decreased number of...

An increase in female labor force participation is indispensable to maintain sustainable economic growth in Japan, whose population is experiencing rapid aging and a decline in fertility. One remedy to these problems that is often proposed to be effective in stimulating the female labor supply...

Japan's total fertility rate declined to 1.32 in 2002, the lowest in its modern era. Such a drastic decline in fertility rate is an exception in the world. What the decrease in birthrate brings is an unbalanced demographic composition between a productive and dependent population. This...

We investigate how people coped with unexpected losses caused by the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake by using some unusually rich household data. Several empirical findings emerged. We found that the coping means were specific to the nature of the loss caused by the earthquake. For example,...

Japanese economy is faced with drastic aging and decline in birthrate. Under such situations, many difficulties are expected to be in the reconstruction of public finance and social security reform. To numerically simulate the problems in 21st century, we develop a new macro-econometric model...

It is not well known that Okinawa suffers from a severe shortage of child care services, even among non-urban areas in Japan. This study is the first to take advantage of some unusually rich micro-level data to address to quantitative assessment of quality of child care and estimates of...

This paper introduces the Carlson-Parkin [1975] method (henceforth, CP) and its variants, which derive an inflation expectation series using actual inflation and published aggregates from a survey on individual economic agents, to beginners. We use the survey results from the Bank of Japan's...