This paper is motivated by the ubiquitous practical existence of common retailer distribution channels (e.g., a grocery store offering multiple brands of the same product). Demand interdependence (product substitutability) among various brands is critical and thus we investigate its impact on...

Today's government is interested in the product recovery program in order to encourage sustainability. The research develops four closed-loop supply chain models by considering different scenarios for the governmental subsidies and fees under price sensitive demand. Analytical results suggest...