The 'doing-using-interacting mode' of innovation (DUI) is considered an important component of innovative activity. It … describes informal innovative activities and complements the 'science-technology-innovation mode' (STI) which is based on … research and development. A common demarcation criterion between both modes of innovation is the relevance of experiencebased …

formal learning of science and technology (i.e. the Science, Technology and Innovation – STI – mode). To more deeply assess … the practical relevance of this grouping for innovation policy, it is subsequently examined how a firm’s learning mode … relates to the relevance of different sets of innovation barriers. According to the empirical results, DUI mode learning is …