Preferences for transport activities are often considered only in terms of time and money. Whilst congestion in … automobile traffic increases costs by raising trip durations, the same is less obvious in public transport (PT), especially rail … automobile transport at no (or little) cost for PT users. This article argues that congestion in PT - crowding - is also costly …

congestion tolls. Based on these findings it becomes clear which labor supply approach is the most appropriate given specific …

studies suffer. Using panel data of 1,333 firms from the Schleswig-Holstein region in Germany, we find that the crowding …