This paper argues that the socialist episode in East Germany, which constituted a radical experiment in gender equality … in the labor market and other instances, has left persistent tracks on gender norms. We focus on one of the most … resilient and pervasive gender gaps in modern societies: mathematics. Using the German division as a natural experiment, we show …

each GPA level, we find that gender differences in post-secondary expectations, controlling for school ability, and as …

There are two well-established gender gaps in education. First, females tend to have higher educational attainment and … evidence for the role of various factors in affecting educational achievement by gender. Gender differences in non … concludes by evaluating what factors are most responsible for the two central gender gaps, whether there is a role for policy to …