Social comparison nudges that employ descriptive norms were found to increase charitable giving. This paper finds that individuals who receive a descriptive norm donate significantly more when they have to guess the descriptive norm beforehand. We argue that guessing draws attention to the norm...

Charitable giving is one of the major obligations Islam and a strong Muslim norm endorses giving to the needy, but discourages public displays of giving. This norm is puzzling in light of previous evidence, suggesting that making donations public often increases giving. We report the results two...

The present research investigates the effect of norm uncertainty on pro-social behavior in the context of charitable giving in a classroom experiment. By varying answering options assessing beliefs about giving behavior using scale manipulations, we systematically steer individuals' expectations...