). Focus takes several different forms, ranging from standalone specialty centers to a hospital that places a strategic … clinical area in a hospital. We use secondary data from hospitals providing cardiology care in New York State to examine the … cases treated in a particular clinical specialty. Expertise focus is defined to be specific evidence that a hospital has …

This paper exploits the staggered rollout of Vietnam's hospital autonomization policy to estimate its impacts on … several key health sector outcomes including hospital efficiency, use of hospital care, and out-of-pocket spending. The … data. Autonomization probably led to more hospital admissions and outpatient department visits, although the effects are …