paper examines the effects of production and R&D costs on the product quality separately, and then discusses the general … case where the both costs exists. This paper shows that if only production costs exist, providing different levels of … product quality is optimal and that if only R&D costs exist, providing the same level of quality is optimal. About the general …

Japanese firms operating in both their home countries and emerging economies. About the cost structure, costs depending on … quantity and quality(named gproduction costsh) and those depending only on quality (named gR&D costsh) are discussed. With … production and R&D costs, three types of costs are examined. Type 1 costs have no R&D costs. Type 2 costs have both, and R …

This paper examines how the costs of adopting new technology are different from those of expanding capital stock by … estimate a dynamic factor demand model in which the adjustment costs of computer investment are allowed to depend on both … average 35 cents of adjustment costs, of which 25 cents is due to quantity expansion and 9 cents is due to technology adoption …

trade issues in the presence of country asymmetries in terms of product qualities, technology, costs, market size and income …

variations in the cost structure, as long as the costs of quality improvement are convex and fall on fixed costs mainly. It … neither relies on service complementarity nor on any other efficiency gains due to economies of scope or transaction costs …