endogenously as an optimal self-sustaining goal. The interaction between hyperbolic discounting and loss aversion makes goals a … seemingly dysfunctional goals. Finally, we derive a condition under which proximal (short term) goals are better than distal … (long term) goals. Our results provide an implicit evolutionary rationale for the existence of loss aversion as a means of …

We explore how attending to the goals an activity achieves (i.e., its instrumentality) impacts the motivation to pursue …. We document this impact of attending to goals on increased intentions but decreased persistence on various activities …