To better understand the impact of the energy transition on the environment, this study examines the impact of structural changes in energy (renewable), economy (industrialization), society (urbanization), and trade (trade openness) on environmental degradation in lower-middle-income,...

Although there are many studies on the social welfare of renewable energy, the systematic study of the impact of renewable energy on life expectancy is relatively rare. Aiming at filling the research gap, we incorporate renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and life expectancy into a...