We develop a model to show that cartels that produce goods with lower durability are easier to sustain implicitly. This … level of durability; 2) a monopoly or explicit cartel is welfare superior to an implicit cartel; 3) welfare is non …-monotonic in the number of firms; 4) a regulator may demand inefficiently high levels of durability to prevent collusion. …

analyses that have been performed to date for the USA and France. These analyses have verified the Mankiw’s puzzle theory about … to stagnate. We disproved Mankiw’s puzzle theory using a data sample from the Czech Republic and Germany. This conclusion …

I show that Swan's (1970) independence result requires a multiplicative interaction between durability and all other … durability, even with constant marginal costs. Distortions in durability and other quality aspects are aligned exactly when the … marginal cost of quality do not increase too much with durability. …

quality versions of the same product. Hence, our results suggest that, when the innate durability of a product is high, the …