In Germany and many other countries, students are tracked into various secondary school types. This paper studies … whether parents or teachers assess students potential educational performance more adequately. Educational attainment is …. The reform replaced parents choice about their children s secondary school type by a binding teacher recommendation. Our …

public K-12 students combined with administrative data on all criminal convictions in the state. Our preferred model uses the … students are retained in eighth grade. Our data allow an examination of mechanisms, and we show that the effects are likely … driven by declines in high school peer quality and educational investments that result in lower non-cognitive skill …

, cross-sectional survey of adolescent students in Indonesia. The findings show that most students aspire to high education … levels, but only half of the students expect to complete the level to which they aspire. Although girls have higher … schooling outcomes, the relationship is nonlinear. Aspirations seem to motivate students despite their perceived constraints …

Without a school degree, students can have difficulty in the labor market. To improve the lives of upper …-secondary school dropouts, German states instituted a school reform that awarded an interim degree to high-track students upon … completion of Grade 9. Using retrospective spell data on school and labor market careers from the National Educational Panel …

stringent requirements for the admission to the next grade at upper secondary school. We study how such effects are mediated by … changes in family and school inputs, and in the student commitment to learn all school subjects including those usually … set out the comparison of similar students undergoing alternative progression rules, and to shed light on whether, and to …