We examine whether conservative politicians are less likely to support same-sex marriage when they run for office in … the majority increased by one percentage point, the likelihood of voting in favour of same-sex marriage decreased by … around 1.3 percentage points. We conjecture that politicians are election-motivated – even when submitting roll-call votes on …

prosecutors, politicians and bureaucrats conducted in 7 states. The paper contributes to bridging the gap between the literatures …

Retrospective voting is a central explanation for voters' support of incumbents. Yet despite the variety of conditions … facing American cities, past research has devoted little attention to retrospective voting for mayors. Local economic … conditions are widely reported, making them one likely source of retrospective voting. To test that possibility, we turn to the …

two rounds of voting to elect a winner, ensuring that the eventual winner obtains at least 50% of the vote. Theoretically …

We examine whether voters rewarded conservative politicians who were voting in favor of same-sex marriage. Data is … September 2017. The results show that the vote share of conservative politicians who voted in favor of same-sex marriage was … share of conservative politicians who did not vote in favor of same-sex marriage. Voters were seeking for outcomes other …

government expenditure. An implication is that budgetary rules are seen as necessary to constrain politicians' tax and spending …