Over the past 50 years, the steel industry has been protected by a wide variety of trade policies, both tariff- and quota-based. We exploit this extensive heterogeneity in trade protection to examine the well-established theoretical literature predicting nonequivalent effects of tariffs and...

Since its introduction in the 1950s, containerised shipping has grown dramatically. Accompanying this growth has been a substantial growth in concentration. In this paper, we theoretically identify the effects of firm growth on concentration, and then examine the determinants of firm growth...