This paper reviews and criticizes in depth the empirical literature on foreign entry mode choice providing a motivation to perform a robustness analysis. Through a review of the theoretical approaches behind each study, as well as by comparing the way theoretical constructs are operationalized,...

Chocolate is one of the most demanded and popular desserts on the world market. The Japanese market also offers a huge assortment of chocolate of any tastes, manufacturers, price category. Domestic enterprises compete not only with each other, but also with foreign major brands. Companies have...

This paper expands entry mode literature by referring to multiple modes exerted in different value chain activities within and across host markets, rather than to a single entry mode at the host market level. Scale of operations and knowledge intensity are argued to affect firms' entry mode...

In this chapter, it is analyzed how the entry mode choice of Swedish MNCs during the 1960-94 period is related to the market structure and development level of the host country. If the investing firm had previous affiliates in the host country, takeovers were preferred. The explanation is that...

Three empirical models for the choice of entry mode in foreign direct investment are compared. In contrast to the models used in earlier studies where the entry decision is taken to be predetermined, the alternative to refrain from investment altogether is here taken into account. Furthermore,...

Emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) play a vital role in global economic development and usually adopt aggressive internationalization strategies. However, the volatile global environment has caused EMNEs to face various risks in their overseas expansion. To maximize the...