The effects on real estate development of shore protection efforts that lower erosion rates and storm hazards are both controversial and difficult to detect. A simple theoretical model indicates that shore protection is likely to "tilt" development from areas a few hundred feet inland toward...

The issue of Russian identity—whether Russia belongs to Europe or Asia or is unique and distinct—has been debated for nearly three centuries within and outside Russia. Though Russia's relation with Europe was central to the debate, Asia also figured prominently in it. The article...