for Austria. Second, it extends the scarce literature explicitly focusing on the combined use of informal and formal care … formal and informal home care in Austria, with the health status and functional limitations as the main determinants of …

sectors in which formal employment rates are high, causing some degree of involuntary labor movement from formal to informal … modes of employment. We explore this econometrically and find that the earnings of workers displaced from formal to informal … jobs are significantly lower than those of workers who remain in the formal market. The fact of this displacement, and its …

), considered a microcredit policy aimed at low-income formal and informal micro-entrepreneurs, providing credit without collateral …

security of tenure as formal jobs. We examine the likelihood of individuals moving up from informal jobs to formal jobs (and … 'lower-tier' informal jobs, and somewhat better paid 'uppertier' informal jobs, which do not have the same benefits and … vice versa) and from lower-tier to upper-tier informal jobs using a longitudinal dataset for India. We find that self …

' transitions within the informal sector and between informal and formal employment. A binary logit model is applied to General … wage employed informal workers are likely to transit to formal employment, the likelihood being higher for the upper …-tier informal wage employed. While informally employed workers have a very high chance of transiting to formal employment, formal …

formal and informal sectors in order to enhance their performance and growth. Unfortunately, there is no agreed method by … identify the different contextual dimensions influencing formal and informal enterprise creation processes in SSA. …

Unpaid carers may have an influence on the formal care utilisation of the cared for. Whether this influence is positive … or negative will have important implications for the costs of formal care provision. The relationship between unpaid and … formal care is of particular importance in Scotland, where personal care is provided for free by Local Authorities, to …

interview market participants and triangulate the perspectives of borrowers with those of formal and informal lenders …. Importantly, our research includes current and past borrowing from formal and informal sources, prompting participants to draw … unintended consequence of formal microfinance: The availability of formal low-interest microfinance creates informal …