learning. This paper investigates the impact produced by this shift on students' performance. We use administrative data of … four cohorts of students enrolled in an Italian University and adopt a difference-in-differences strategy exploiting the … face-to-face in the first semester. We compare students' performance in the second semester of 2020 with their performance …

due to the Covid-pandemic. Treated students met in small groups, in alternating weeks with and without a more senior … student tutor. The treatment improved study behavior and increased contact to other students. Tutored students achieved around …