We experimentally study the effect of the mode of digital communication on the emergence of trust in a principal …-agent relationship. We consider three modes of communication that differ in the capacity to transmit nonverbal content: plain text, audio …, and video. Communication is pre-play, one-way, and unrestricted, but its verbal content is homogenized across treatments …

Remote work arrangements and increased virtual communication are commonplace. Particularly in organizations, virtual … communication has become an essential tool for collaboration and exchanging information. Virtual communication channels, such as … text or video messages, provide different levels of human presence compared to face-to-face communication. Given that human …