nest is negatively associated with older mothers' marriage probability. There is scope for better targeting of both family … and on mothers' labour market outcomes. Much less is known about older mothers' employment and marriage patterns when the … find that older women's retirement probability is positively associated with an empty nest. We also conclude that an empty …

, motherhood, and wages. We find that heterogeneity leads to biased estimates of the quot;directquot; effects of marriage and … motherhood on wages (i.e., effects net of experience and tenure); first-difference estimates reveal no direct effect of marriage … or motherhood on women's wages. We also find statistical evidence that experience and tenure nay be endogenous variables …

, motherhood, and wages. We find that heterogeneity leads to biased estimates of the "direct" effects of marriage and motherhood on … motherhood on women's wages. We also find statistical evidence that experience and tenure nay be endogenous variables in wage …We explore several problems in drawing causal inferences from cross-sectional relationships between marriage …

penalties. Using data for 29 countries drawn from SHARE, we show that although marriage has a negative effect on women … the hypothesis that child-rearing, rather than marriage or pregnancy, is responsible for women exiting the labor force …The existence of large child penalties on women’s labor market outcomes has been documented for multiple countries and …