In many developing economies, notably in Africa, both governments and private agents live in a high risk environment but have only poor risk coping mechanisms at their disposal. Nevertheless development is typically analyzed as if it occurs in a world without risk. This may be because the effect...

In many developing economies, notably in Africa, both governments and private agents live in a high risk environment but have only poor risk coping mechanisms at their disposal. Nevertheless development is typically analyzed as if it occurs in a world without risk. This may be because the effect...

To explore trends and income related differences in out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for prescription and over-the-counter medicines in Finland in 1985–2006.

Public and private entities around the world are trying to induce the provision of higher-quality health care by adopting institutional arrangements intended to promote competition among care providers. I selectively survey and supplement the literature to show that an increase in...

We test the hypothesis that practicing enterprise risk management (ERM) reduces firms’ cost of reducing risk. Adoption of ERM represents a radical paradigm shift from the traditional method of managing risks individually to managing risks collectively allowing ERM-adopting firms to better...

An equilibrium concept in the Debreu (1954) theory-of-value tradition is developed for a class of adverse selection economies and applied to the Spence signaling and Rothschild-Stiglitz (1976) adverse selection environments. The equilibrium exists and is optimal. Further, all equilibria have the...