technological change, and then examine theory and empirical evidence on invention, innovation, and diffusion and the related …

While intellectual property has long been perceived as a method for protecting, and ultimately valuing, innovation, it … is an imperfect measure. With its traditional bias in favor of innovation as delimited by Western views of individuality … the undervaluing of non-Western innovation and creativity. This undervaluation has denied developing and least …

technical skills and human capital. Each of these may help to reduce the costs of imitation, adaption, and follow-on innovation … the innovation, financial and skill requirements, externalities, and regulatory barriers. While scholars are still …

Intellectual property regimes are usually presumed to exert positive inducements on technological innovation. However … the intersection of three fields: innovation studies, welfare theories, and international political economy. It revisits … prior drug generations and alternate inducements. The article offers a novel 2X2 conceptual framework to study innovation in …