In its drive to prevent market failures and safeguard consumers, the European legislator has embraced the information approach. In the context of online trade, this requires online traders to disclose ever-growing amounts of information to consumers regarding contract terms, the handling of...

India’s e-commerce market is growing at a rapid pace. Online trade depends on pre-contract information notices to put traders and consumers on an equal footing and ensure that transactions are completed with valid consent and under fair terms. However, past research in Western jurisdictions...

Online information obligations have come under heavy criticism, among other things because they are felt to be too numerous, too long, and insufficiently transparent. To date, empirical research on online disclosures employed quantitative research designs that were restricted to a...

The adoption of Artificial Intelligence is steadily increasing, but the underlying algorithms have become so complex that they are no longer transparent. The EU has introduced some modest AI transparency requirements as part of its General Data Protection Regulation. However, two years after...

Past research has shown that online information notices often fail to inform consumers well, even if transparency-enhancing measures are implemented. However, the studies in question have employed research designs that were restricted to pre-contract conclusion scenarios and ad hoc, text-only...