We repeatedly elicit beliefs about the returns to study effort, in a large university course. A behavioral model of … quasi-hyperbolic discounting and malleable beliefs predicts that the dynamics of beliefs mirrors the importance of exerting … the hypothesized mechanism that beliefs serve as a means of self-control. …

frequently overlooked in discussions of biased beliefs: unbiased (i.e., accurate) beliefs can be counterproductive if there are …

' successes. In our model, both the agent's information and his beliefs are multi-dimensional, allowing us to study interactions … settings. Third, the agent's beliefs are subject to "bias substitution," whereby forces that decrease his bias regarding one … multi-dimensional beliefs possible, we develop tools for studying learning under high-dimensional misspecified models. …

positive gender matching effect only for urban, private schools. We find support for our theoretical predictions when we test …. Specifically, we ask if a student benefits by learning from a teacher of her same gender. Unlike the existing literature which … explains such interaction through role model effect or Pygmalion effect, we explain such interaction in terms of gender based …